Transhumance
Transhumance, the seasonal droving of livestock across geographical or climatic regions, is recognised by UNESCO as a practice of deep cultural and economic importance across many countries. It honours an age-old tradition rooted in the sustainable management of landscapes, community bonds, and knowledge passed through generations. In countries like Italy, Spain, and France, transhumance is a celebrated cultural activity with festivals, local craftsmanship, and a strong sense of identity. However, while transhumance thrives under recognition in European countries, Australia’s own droving tradition still lacks the same acknowledgment. Watch the UNESCO video below.
Australia’s Cultural Heritage
Historically, drovers led livestock through Australia’s diverse geographical and climatic zones—from the arid Central Lowlands to the temperate or tropical Eastern Highlands, crossing rivers, plains, and mountains. Before road transport, drovers also traversed the Western Plateau, driving herds across some of the continent’s harshest landscapes. This practice, often done on horseback with the help of dogs, not only sustained the pastoral industry but also carried significant cultural depth. Drovers relied on their knowledge of the land, respect for its ecosystems, and an inherent connection to country.
Australia’s droving activities and stock routes parallel transhumance in European countries. These routes drive the pastoral economy and form part of the land’s culture. Yet, many still overlook these paths despite their deep historical, cultural, and ecological importance. Furthermore, much of Australia’s stock routes overlap with traditional First Nations pathways, used for millennia for seasonal movements and ceremonies. This shared cultural heritage bridges modern stock routes with Indigenous history. Recognizing these routes offers a way to honor both agricultural and Indigenous traditions.
It’s Time!
Now is the time for Australia to acknowledge and celebrate the cultural and historical significance of droving and stock routes, as other countries do with transhumance. These routes aren’t just dirt paths used by livestock; they embody the spirit of resilience, sustainability, and tradition that has shaped Australia’s culture. More importantly, they represent the diverse and unique cultural heritage of all Australians. These traditional pathways form a vital part of our national identity and history—one that deserves its place alongside global transhumance traditions.